sporting aeroplane

* * *

аттесто́вывать самолё́т по шу́му — certificate an aeroplane for noise

вводи́ть самолё́т в вира́ж — roll an aeroplane into a (banked) turn

вести́ самолё́т ( о штурмане) — navigate [guide] an aeroplane

вы́весить самолё́т над землё́й — hold the aeroplane of the ground

выводи́ть самолё́т из стро́я — disable an aeroplane, put an aeroplane out of operation [out of service]

выра́внивать самолё́т — ( переводить в горизонтальный полёт) level an aeroplane; ( при посадке) flare out an aeroplane

заправля́ть самолё́т горю́чим — fuel an aeroplane

зару́ливать самолё́т на стоя́нку — taxi an aeroplane to the parking area

испы́тывать самолё́т в во́здухе — test-fly [fly-test] an aeroplane

кача́ть самолё́т с крыла́ на крыло́ — rock an aeroplane

самолё́т лё́гок в управле́нии — the aeroplane handles well [is responsive]

самолё́т нахо́дится в во́здухе — the aeroplane is [becomes] airborne

облё́тывать но́вый самолё́т — fly out a new aeroplane

самолё́т обору́дован, напр. автомати́ческим радиоко́мпасом — the aeroplane carries, e. g., an ADF

опознава́ть (национа́льную принадле́жность) самолёт(а) — identify an aeroplane

оставля́ть самолё́т в авари́йной ситуа́ции — escape from an aeroplane in an emergency

самолё́т отлета́ет, напр. в 13 ч 50 мин — the aeroplane departs at, e. g., 1350 hours

отправля́ть самолё́т на второ́й круг — send an aeroplane around

самолё́т отрыва́ется от земли́ ( при взлёте) — the aeroplane breaks ground

отрыва́ть самолё́т от земли́ ( при взлёте) — lift [take] an aeroplane off the ground

переобору́довать самолё́т (напр. военный в гражданский) — convert an aeroplane

пилоти́ровать самолё́т — fly [handle] an aeroplane

покида́ть самолё́т ( об экипаже) — abandon an aeroplane

самолё́т прибыва́ет, напр. в 16 ч 15 мин — the aeroplane arrives at 1615 hours

самолё́т разби́лся — the aeroplane crashed

развора́чивать самолё́т по ве́тру — turn an aeroplane downwind

развора́чивать самолё́т про́тив ве́тра — turn an aeroplane into the wind

сажа́ть самолё́т — land an aeroplane

сажа́ть самолё́т по ве́тру — land an aeroplane downwind

сажа́ть самолё́т про́тив ве́тра — land an aeroplane into the wind

сажа́ть самолё́т с недолё́том или с перелё́том — land an aeroplane short or long

самолё́т сбаланси́рован в, напр. прямолине́йном полё́те — the aeroplane is in trim for, e. g., straight flight

снима́ть самолё́т с эксплуата́ции — withdraw [remove] an aeroplane from service

самолё́т соверши́л авари́йную поса́дку — the aeroplane crash-landed

ста́вить самолё́т на коло́дки — chock an aeroplane

самолё́т те́рпит бе́дствие — the aeroplane is in distress

самолё́т удовлетворя́ет всем тре́бованиям норм лё́тной го́дности — the aeroplane is fully airworthy

устана́вливать что-л. на самолё́те — install smth. in an aeroplane [on board an aeroplane]

швартова́ть самолё́т — tie down an aeroplane

аэрофотосъё́мочный самолё́т — photographic (survey) aeroplane

беспило́тный самолё́т — drone

самолё́т вертика́льного взлё́та — vertical take-off [VTO] aeroplane

самолё́т вертика́льного взлё́та и поса́дки [СВВП] — vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aeroplane

винтово́й самолё́т — propeller(-driven) aeroplane

вое́нный самолё́т — military aeroplane

высо́тный самолё́т — high-altitude aeroplane

гиперзвуково́й самолё́т — hypersonic aeroplane

гражда́нский самолё́т — civil aeroplane

грузово́й самолё́т — cargo(-type) aeroplane

дозвуково́й самолё́т — subsonic aeroplane

самолё́т о́бщего назначе́ния — general-purpose aeroplane

пассажи́рский самолё́т — passenger aeroplane

пожа́рный самолё́т — fire aeroplane

поршнево́й самолё́т — piston-engined aeroplane

реакти́вный самолё́т — jet aeroplane

санита́рный самолё́т — air ambulance

самолё́т с большо́й да́льностью полё́та — long-range aeroplane

сверхзвуково́й самолё́т — supersonic aeroplane

самолё́т с высо́кими лё́тными характери́стиками — high-performance aeroplane

самолё́т с двойны́м управле́нием — dual-control aeroplane

сельскохозя́йственный самолё́т — agricultural aeroplane

сери́йный самолё́т — production a aeroplane

самолё́т с двумя́ дви́гателями — twin-engine aeroplane

самолё́т с колё́сным шасси́ — wheeled aeroplane

самолё́т с крыло́м изменя́емой геоме́трии — variable-geometry aeroplane

самолё́т с лы́жным шасси́ — skiplane

самолё́т со стрелови́дным крыло́м — swept-winged aeroplane

самолё́т с поворо́тным крыло́м — tilt-wing aeroplane

самолё́т с поплавко́вым шасси́ — float seaplane

спорти́вный самолё́т — sporting aeroplane

самолё́т с треуго́льным крыло́м — delta-wing aeroplane

самолё́т с укоро́ченными взлё́том и поса́дкой — short take-off and landing [STOL] aeroplane

сухопу́тный самолё́т — landplane, land(-based) aeroplane

самолё́т с шасси́ на возду́шной поду́шке — ground-effect [air-cushion] take-off and landing aeroplane

самолё́т ти́па «лета́ющее крыло́» — flying wing

самолё́т ти́па «у́тка» — canard, canard-type aeroplane

тра́нспортный самолё́т — transport (aeroplane)

тра́нспортный, сверхзвуково́й самолё́т — supersonic transport, SST

турбовинтово́й самолё́т — turbo-prop aeroplane

турбореакти́вный самолё́т — turbo-jet aeroplane

уче́бно-трениро́вочный самолё́т — trainer (aeroplane)

уче́бный самолё́т — school [basic trainer] aeroplane

цельнодеревя́нный самолё́т — all-wood aeroplane

цельнометалли́ческий самолё́т — all-metal aeroplane

* * *

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

[br]

[br]

Alberto Santos-Dumont, the son of a wealthy Brazilian coffee planter, was sent to Paris to study engineering but developed a passion for flying. After several balloon flights he turned his attention to powered airships. His first small airship, powered by a motorcycle engine, flew in 1898. A series of airships followed and his flights over Paris—and his narrow escapes—generated much public interest. A large cash prize had been offered for the first person to fly from Saint-Cloud around the Eiffel Tower and back inside thirty minutes. Santos-Dumont made two attempts in his airship No. 5, but engine failures caused him to crash, once in a tree and once on a hotel roof. Undismayed, he prepared airship No. 6 and on 19 October 1901 he set out and rounded the Tower, only to suffer yet another engine failure. This time he managed to restart the engine and claim the prize. This flight created a sensation in Paris and beyond. Santos-Dumont continued to create news with a series of airship exploits, and by 1906 he had built a total of fourteen airships. In 1904 Santos-Dumont visited the United States and met Octave Chanute, who described to him the achievements of the Wright brothers. On his return to Paris he set about designing an aeroplane which was unlike any other aeroplane of the period. It had box-kite-like wings and tail, and flew tail-first (a canard) powered by an Antoinette engine at the rear. It was built for him by Gabriel Voisin and was known as the "14 bis" because it was air-tested suspended beneath airship No. 14. It made its first free take-off on 13 September 1906, and then a series of short hops, including one of 220 m (720 ft) which won Santos-Dumont an Aero-Club prize and recognition for the first aeroplane flight in Europe; indeed, it was the first officially witnessed aeroplane flight in the world. Santos-Dumont's most successful aeroplane was his No. 20 of 1909, known as the Demoiselle: a tiny machine popular with sporting pilots. About this time, however, Santos-Dumont became ill and had to abandon his aeronautical activities. Although he had not made any great technical breakthroughs, Santos-Dumont had played a major role in arousing public interest in flying.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport

[br]

[br]

[br]

His father was a pattern-maker who worked for a time at the de Havilland aircraft factory at Hatfield, Hertfordshire; later he worked in an aeroplane-model shop before turning his attentions to boats and cars. Mike Burroughs left school at the age of 15 to become a self-taught engineer and inventor, regarding himself as an eccentric. Among other things, he invented a machine for packaging coins.

In the 1970s he began to take an interest in bicycles, and he subjected the design and materials of existing machines of conventional design to searching reappraisal. As a result, Burroughs "reinvented" the bicycle, producing an entirely new concept. His father carved the shape of the single-piece frame in wood, from which a carbon-fibre cast was made. The machine proved to be very fast, but neither the sporting nor the industrial world showed much interest in it. Then in 1991 Rudi Terman, of the motor manufacturers Lotus, saw it and was impressed by its potential; he agreed to develop the machine further, but kept the details secret.

The invention was released to an unsuspecting public at the Barcelona Olympic Games of 1992, ridden by Chris Boardman, who won the pursuit gold medal for Great Britain, a triumph for both rider and inventor. In subsequent months, Boardman went on to break several world records on the Lotus bicycle, including on 23 July 1993 the one-hour record with a distance of 52.27 km (32.48 miles).

[br]